Solinved

Solar panels are one of the most important components of renewable energy systems. However, over time, it is possible to encounter various problems. In order to ensure that the panels work efficiently, these problems must be diagnosed and resolved early. In this article, we will discuss the most common problems encountered in solar panels and their solutions.

1. Loss of Efficiency in Solar Panels

Loss of efficiency in solar panels over time is a common problem. This can cause a decrease in energy production and prevent the system from providing the expected performance.

Causes:

• Pollution and Dust Accumulation: Dust, dirt, pollen and bird droppings accumulated on the surface of the panels reduce energy production by blocking the passage of light.
• Cell Deterioration: Deterioration can occur in the cells due to long-term exposure of the panels to high temperatures or poor quality production.
• Shading: Nearby trees, buildings or other obstacles can prevent the panels from working at full capacity.
  Incorrect Positioning: If the panels are not at the right angle, it prevents maximum benefit from sunlight.

Solution:

• Regular cleaning of the panels should be provided.
• The positioning of the panels should be done by taking into account the change in sunlight throughout the year.
• Long-lasting, high-efficiency panels should be preferred instead of low-quality panels.

2. Hot Spot Formation

Hot spots are problems that occur due to overheating of some cells of the panel. This can shorten the life of the panels and negatively affect energy production.

Causes:

• Electrical Flow Imbalance: In case of voltage difference between the cells of the panels, some cells can overheat.
• Soldering and Connection Errors: Bad connections prevent the equal distribution of electrical flow and hot spots can occur in certain areas.
• Physical Damage: Scratching or cracking of the panels increases the formation of hot spots.

Solution:

• Panels should be checked regularly and hot spot formation should be detected.
• Faulty cells should be replaced or repaired.
• Quality connections and soldering operations should be provided during installation.

3. Inverter Failures

Inverters are devices that convert the direct current (DC) from solar panels into alternating current (AC) and make it usable in homes and businesses. Failures that occur in inverters can directly affect the energy production of the system.

Causes:

• Incorrect Wiring: Incorrect connection or looseness of the cables prevents the inverter from working efficiently.
• Overheating: Poor ventilation of the inverters can lead to overheating and failure.
• Software Updates: Unupdated software can prevent the inverter from working efficiently.

Solution:

• Wiring should be checked regularly and the connections should be tight.
• The inverter should be stored in a well-ventilated area.
• Software updates should be done regularly.

4. Cracks and Damages on the Panel Glass

The outer surface of solar panels is protected by tempered glass, but cracks and breaks can occur in some cases.

Causes:

• Hail and Hard Object Impacts: Hard objects hitting the surface of the panels can cause the glass to crack.
• Sudden Temperature Changes: Sudden changes in sunlight can create tension in the glass of the panels.
• Incorrect Installation: Over-tightening the panels or installing them at an angle can cause breakage.

Solution:

• Panels should be supported with protective materials against natural disasters such as hail.
• The installation process should be done carefully and excessive pressure should not be applied.
• Panels made of quality materials should be preferred.

5. Cable and Connection Problems

The cables and connection points of solar panels are critical for the healthy operation of the system.

Causes:

• Rodents and External Factors: Exposed cables can be gnawed and damaged by animals.
• Loose Connection: Loosening of the connection points of the panels over time causes energy loss.
• Oxidation and Corrosion: Exposure to water at the connection points can lead to oxidation.

Solution:

• Cables should be checked regularly and rodent-proof materials should be used.
• Connection points should be tightly connected and protected with water-resistant coatings.

6. Shadowing and Improper Placement Problems

Shading of solar panels can seriously reduce the energy production of the system.

Causes:

• Trees and Buildings: Surrounding structures or plants can cast shadows during the day.
• Incorrect Angle Installation: Failure to place the panels at the correct angle prevents sufficient use of sunlight.

Solution:

• Factors that may cause shadowing in the environment should be analyzed before installation.
• The angle of the panels should be adjusted to provide the best sunlight duration throughout the year.

7. Water and Moisture Damage

Since solar panels are used outdoors, water and moisture damage may occur over time.

Reasons:

• Panels Leaking Water: Poor quality panels can take in water over time.
• Moisture Accumulation at Connection Points: Excessive moisture can cause oxidation and short circuits in electrical connections.

Solution:

• Panels should be protected with waterproof seals.
• Connections should be closed in a way that protects them from water and moisture.

Problems encountered in solar panels can be largely prevented with regular maintenance and correct installation. Cleaning, periodic checks and quality material selection increase the efficiency of your system and ensure that it operates smoothly for many years.